Comparing expression between disease states, AMD iPSC-RPE showed lower expression of C3aR (0.6-fold, p = 0.01) and CFB (0.3-fold, p = 0.052) and 4-fold higher expression of the cytokine, IL-1β (p = 0.001) (Figure 5A). Here, IL1B is linked to age-related macular degeneration.