HES1 and cancer: Furthermore, stimulation of PDAC cancer cells with FGF ligands, such as FGF1, FGF2, FGF7 and FGF10, triggers changes in expression of key pancreatic development genes, such as SRY-related HMG-box gene 9 (SOX9), hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (HNF3b), hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1), GATA-4 and GATA-6 [45].