MGMT and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Moreover, MGMT promoter hypermethylation had been described in precancerous lesions such as colitis ulcerosa and Crohn’s disease but also in gastritis [13,26] as well as in various cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, and, in the CNS in glioma, particularly oligodendroglioma but also in IDH-mutated as well as in IDH-wildtype astrocytoma [5,6].