FOXA2 and gestational diabetes: In the diabetic offspring, fetal lung expressions of SP-B, SP-B mRNA, SP-C, SP-C mRNA, and FOXA2 in the nucleus (n-FOXA2) were significantly lower in both PGD and GDM offspring, while phosphorylated FOXA2 (which decreases FOXA2 transcription activity) in PGD, and nitrolyogenic FOXA2 (deactivated FOXA2) in GDM was significantly higher (Figure 2).