TNF and neoplasm: VEGF secreted by tumours diminished TNF-α-mediated leucocyte transmigration through inhibition of leucocyte-attracting chemokines, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXCL11, IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), as well as impairing the phosphorylation level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-Stat1).