TNF and COVID-19: Patients with severe COVID-19 can have a cytokine storm syndrome characterised by increased interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, interferon-Ɣ inducible protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [3] and elevated serum concentrations of Il-1β, IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokines; they are are hallmarks of severe forms [18,19,20].