Recently, vitamin D and its active form (1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25 (OH) 2D3)) have been reported to partially normalize insulin release, IR, and systemic inflammation in experimental and epidemiological studies of T2DM [160,161]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.