INSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although several genes participate in the physiopathology of T2DM, some gene variants play an outstanding role on T2DM, like the insulin receptor substrates (IRS1 and IRS2), those for the β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2 and ADRB3), those for uncoupling proteins (UCP2 and UCP3), and those for the receptor activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-γ) [40].