MUC1 and neoplasm: Figure 5 shows the heatmaps of the top 20 differentially expressed genes in the mRNA expression data and the DNA methylation data, respectively. It is obvious that cluster 1 and cluster 3 are different in gene expression level, and some of the genes on the heatmaps have been shown to be linked to GBM., e.g., PRKAA1 overexpressed in Cluster 3, also known as AMPK, induces antitumor activity in GBM cells and has become a possible tumor control target [42]. MUC1 overexpressed in cluster 1 is a pathogenic gene that induces GBM and can be used as a target for cellular immunotherapy [43].