Collectively, these results suggest that endogenous GLP-1 ameliorates the course of DSS-induced colitis, most likely by altering genes involved in immune regulation, epithelial protection and repair; these actions would be preferable to the immunosuppressant mode of action characteristic of current therapies to treat IBD, which can expose the patients to adverse effects such as infection. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.