Garcia-Ramo et al. showed that SLE NETs contain, in addition to self-DNA structures, large amounts of the antimicrobial peptide LL37, which is essential for the immunogenicity of self-nucleic acids, thus facilitating their uptake by pDCs and production of IFN-α in a DNA- and TLR-9-dependent manner [48]. Here, TLR9 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.