Propranolol demonstrated anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic pharmacological properties since its administration in breast cancer patients with arterial hypertension significantly reduced the primary tumor development, nodal/metastatic occurrence, and breast cancer-specific mortality [209]; abrogated the VEGF production [214]; inhibited the noradrenaline-induced HIF1α expression in cancer cells [214] and inhibited the catecholamine-induced signaling between macrophages and ECs [215]. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.