TNF and neoplasm: Since IFN-γ and TNF-α have been shown to synergistically regulate NF-κB activity for the expression of IL-8 in gastric cancer cells [24], our findings provide a new strategy to combat metastatic TNBC by targeting GBP5 activity, which could downregulate NF-κB-mediated PD-L1 expression, thereby enhancing tumor immune surveillance.