F2 and neoplasm: PT modulate a wide range of molecular targets (cytokines; chemokines; reactive oxygen intermediates; oncogenes; inflammatory enzymes; anti-apoptotic proteins; and transcription factors such as NF-jB, STAT3, AP-1, and CREB), which mediate tumor cell proliferation, transformation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance [78].