SMAD1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Specifically, SMAD1, ARNTL, WT1, RELB, SPIB and TCF7L2 had lower activity in SLE while GATA4, NFATC1, E2F2, PPARD, IRF3, STAT2, IRF1, STAT1 were identified as TFs with greater activity.