As shown in Table 1, the patients who developed HF had older ages, diabetes for longer, higher systolic blood pressure and higher mean HbA1c, lower eGFR, more cardiovascular diseases, been administered more sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, insulin, statin and cardiovascular medications, and higher HbA1c variability and a larger proportion of patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% at baseline than patients who did not develop HF. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.