However, evaluation of in vitro studies in monocytes and ex vivo studies in mononuclear cells isolated from patients with scrub typhus [4,5] revealed markedly down-regulated readouts of canonical Wnt signaling, such as TCF7, LEF and AXIN2 as well as several transcriptional targets such as PPARγ and c-Jun compared to both healthy controls and patients with murine typhus. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and scrub typhus.