SP1 and colorectal cancer: In a related finding, increased levels of Ctr1 mRNA in colorectal cancer resulted in a parallel increase in transcript levels for Cu efflux pump ATP7A, copper metabolism Murr1 domain containing 1 (COMMD1), the cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (SCO1) and cytochrome c oxidase Cu chaperone 11 (COX11)), the cupric reductase enzyme six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP3), and the metal-regulatory transcription factors (MTF1, MTF2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1) [29].