IFNA1 and viral infectious disease: The gut microbiota could impact the physiological outcomes of viral infection at multiple levels and stages, via modulating the expression levels the IFN signaling components and cell-intrinsic antiviral effects of the lung epithelia during the early control of viral replication, and through influencing the innate and adaptive immune reactions and immunopathology later on (Mjosberg and Rao, 2018; Wypych et al., 2019).