HMGB1 and metabolic syndrome: Differently than in the inflammation (Cal et al., 2015; Yao et al., 2015; Biscetti et al., 2019) and autophagy, the role exerted by HMGB1 in MetS and its potential contribution to cardiovascular complications remains mostly unexplored despite the increasing number of evidence underlining this association (van Niekerk et al., 2019).