NLRP3 and acute kidney injury: For example, NLRP3 inflammasome activation initiated by death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) played a key role in causing acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, and long-term cognitive impairment due to paraquat exposure (Chen et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2015, 2017).