NRP1 and cancer: Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) acts as a non-tyrosine kinase receptor to exert functions in cancer by co-activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatic growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways (4–8), which are decisive in the progression of TNBC (9–12).