NRP1 and breast carcinoma: In breast cancer, particularly TNBC, NRP-1 is an isoform-specific receptor for VEGF and the VEGF/NRP-1 axis promotes cell proliferation and migration by increasing the activity of cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) (14) or enhancing the EMT and activation of NF-κB and β-catenin (15).