We have previously shown that latent HCMV infection in CD34+ progenitors also modulates the cell secretome resulting in increased levels of CCL8, which recruits CD4+ T cells, as well as increased secretion of cellular IL-10 (cIL-10) and TGF-β, which suppress anti-viral functions of recruited CD4+ T cells (32). Here, TGFB1 is linked to cytomegalovirus infection.