ESR1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, C. officinalis extract has also been demonstratedto inhibit lipid accumulation in adipocytes, promote osteoblastic differentiation, and increase estradiol production and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression in granulosa cells, and is used to treat obesity and osteoporosis caused by women’s menopausal symptoms (Park et al., 2020a).