ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) synthetic ligands, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are diabetes drugs that regulate glucose metabolism, reduce hyperinsulinaemia and alter fatty acid metabolism.107 Additionally, PPARγ synthetic ligands have been shown to increase adiponectin levels in preclinical models and in humans.108–112 Based on the observations that low adiponectin levels are associated with cancer progression as discussed above, the propensity of PPARγ agonists to increase adiponectin levels may be beneficial for treating obesity-driven cancers.113,114