For patients diagnosed with endometrial or breast cancer, preclinical evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet (KD; a diet of high fats, moderate proteins, and very low carbohydrates) might improve the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors by inhibiting insulin signalling.44,223 It has recently been shown in murine KPC tumour models that treatment with PI3K inhibitors causes a transient hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is neoplasm.