Although the most advanced knowledge has been generated around the therapies targeting PD-1/PDL-1 or CTLA-4, there are multiple other important pathways that may impact the immune response to cancer involving many genes, in particular LAG-3, TLR-4, VISTA, TIM-3, TIGIT, ICOS, OX40, and GITR5. Here, TLR4 is linked to cancer.