GLUD1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): The expression levels of GLUD1, GOT1, GOT2, and GPT2 were differentially expressed in astrocytomas compared to NN (p < 0.0001 Kruskal–Wallis test for GLUD1, GOT1, and GPT2 and p < 0.002 for GOT2) (Fig. 1a).