PMAIP1 and carcinoma: Additionally, other causal genes are highly expressed or known to act in human brain function (i.e., NEGR1, GNPDA2, CYP46A1, DGKH) [74–76] and various carcinomas (i.e., PMAIP1, HORMAD1, FES, BCAS3) [77–79], indicating the potential role of metabolic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiac events.