PIK3CG and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Some pathways, as well as proteins, were also found to be involved in the onset of DCM like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-alpha), PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase), NFκB (nuclear factor-κB), and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways [14–16].