No clear associations could be observed for hypertension, cancer (type not specified), any comorbidity, liver disease, dementia, statin use and renin inhibitor use (including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs] and non-specified renin–angiotensin system [RAS] inhibitors) before admission with COVID-19 severity and/or COVID-19-related death (certainty of evidence very low to moderate). This evidence concerns the gene REN and cancer.