After activation of macrophages, neutrophils are recruited to inflammatory sites where they generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby enhancing gout flare.60 Gout flare is a self-limiting process that resolves within about 10 days, probably because of build-up of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, TGFβ1 and IL-37.61,62 Neutrophils also play a role in the resolution of gout flare. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and gout.