Hyperleptinemia in obese patients induces alterations in endothelial functions and determines an unfavourable evolution or septic shock.[3,102–104] Experimentally, diet-induced obesity in mice leads to a chronic increase in leptin and leptin resistance, inducing a modified immune response, including low cytotoxicity of NK cells and delayed expression of proinflammatory cytokines.[1,8,20,44]. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.