CCN1 and atrial septal defect: Recently, studies that have focused on the association between the CCN1 gene and diseases and have demonstrated that the CCN1 rs12756618 variant increases the risk of Graves’ ophthalmopathy [15], that the CCN1 p.R47W variant is related to atrial septal defects [16] and that the CCN1 rs3753793 variant may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer [17].