HPV: Human papilloma virus; LSIL: Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; HSIL: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; miRNAs: microRNAs; HR-HPV: High risk human papillomavirus; LBC: liquid-based cytology; cDNA: Complementary DNA; RT-PCR: Reverse Transcriptase-PCR; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; AUC: Area Under the ROC Curve; CI 95%: 95% confidential interval; RB: Retinoblastoma; DKK3: Dickkopfrelated protein 3; MMP14: Matrix metalloproteinases 14; HDGF: Hepatomaderived growth factor; TGA: Transcriptional Gene Activation. The gene discussed is DKK3; the disease is retinoblastoma.