Although there is a significant increase in the percentages of Treg cells which suppressed tumor-specific immune responses in ZD55-IL-24 therapy alone, anti-PD-1 therapy alone and the combination therapy groups, there is also a substantial increase in the percentages of Tconv cells, with marked enhancement of the CD4 effector to Treg ratio (Supplementary Figure 1a, c), suggesting that both ZD55-IL-24 treatment and anti-PD-1 treatment can elicit substantial remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with contributions to the immunotherapy. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.