IFNA1 and Zika virus infectious disease: Chemokines and cytokines increase modestly in the blood of patients with acute ZIKV infection.227–229 Amniotic fluid from pregnant women with microcephalic babies have significantly increased levels of IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IFN-ɣ, and TNF-α, which have the potential to contribute to fetal neurological disorders.50,230,231 Ex vivo experiments on ZIKV-infected human decidual tissues have shown upregulation of type I and III IFN signaling pathways.232