Beside these findings, several studies reported that nicotine inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) (Ulloa, 2005; Wang et al., 2003), and these effects have been shown to protect against cytokine-mediated diseases which can lead to organ damage as from a ‘cytokine-storm’, the main culprit of COVID-19 (Conti et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and COVID-19.