LDHA and cancer: LDHA is reported to be up-regulated in many kinds of cancer, and associated with poor prognosis, including breast cancer [29], colorectal cancer [7], liver cancer [30], bladder cancer [8] and prostate cancer [5, 9], etc. Specially, in the era of immune therapy, serum LDH levels seem also to be associated with the efficiency of PD1/PDL1 efficiency [31].