PFKFB3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Hirai et al [100], Vuori et al [101], Porta et al [102], Nomoto et al [103] and Blindbæk et al [104] demonstrates that VAMP2, CACNB2, SLC19A3, PFKFB3 and MFAP4 were the genes essential for progression of type 1 diabetes, but these genes might be key for advancement of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.