TNFRSF1A and infection: However, activation of the NF-κB pathway with exogenous rTNFα did not enhance the intracellular survival of ΔalgR bacteria nor did blockade of TNFα with antibodies result in reduced intracellular survival of WT bacteria (Fig 5E) even though both TNFα and its receptors, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, are expressed during infection (S7C Fig), suggesting that other signaling pathways activated during infection may also be involved.