Abnormal regulation of chloride balance by the kidney likely drives dyschloremia among patients with HF (who accounted for the majority of patients with hypochloremia), as decreased effective circulating volume leads to the neurohormonal secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, resulting in increased water reabsorption with dilutional hypochloremia and hyponatremia. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and Hyponatremia.