Other studies found that SHP2 and β-catenin proteins can form a complex and SHP2 increased β-catenin accumulation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)–mediated β-catenin degradation in liver cancer (Biswas et al., 2006; Xiang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PTPN11 and liver cancer.