GBP5 and cancer: Besides, the GBP5 gene has been studied in a variety of cancers, including gastric adenocarcinoma (54), skin cutaneous melanoma (55, 56), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (57), and HCC, and GBP5 was one of the key genes in the malignant transformation induced by microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the cell of HCC (58).