L. amylovorus shows protective and anti-inflammatory effects in pig explants and caco-2 cells against E. coli infection and decreases E. coli-mediated inflammation by increasing the levels of TLR4 negative regulators (IRAK-M and TOLLIP) and decreasing those of extracellular heat shock proteins (HSP90 and HSP72), which are crucial for TLR4 functioning. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and escherichia coli infection.