Permanent occlusion of TFV or an incomplete embolization has effects on tumour stromal microenvironment and induces intra- and intercellular signaling processes counteracting and reversing hypoxia (Carmeliet, 2005; Orlacchio et al., 2020), such as the activation of HIFs (hypoxia-inducible factors) and the subsequent release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a promoter of neoangiogenesis, tumour proliferation and metastatic growth (Lencioni et al., 2013). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.