For example, elevated infection-evoked production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6 has been detected after infection with flaviviruses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients, brain tissue samples from mice and primary human cortical astrocyte cultures (Palus et al., 2014; Stefanik et al., 2018; Pokorna Formanova et al., 2019). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is infection.