To confirm the pathway enrichment during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed gene-set-enrichment analyses (GSEA) at 48 h post infection.24 Consistently, GSEA analysis showed enrichment (FDR < 0.01) for signatures associated with type I IFN signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling (Supplementary Fig. S1a). Here, NFKB1 is linked to infection.