CTLA4 and melanoma: Treatment with ICIs such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) can significantly increase OS and result in durable remission for many advanced cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cancer and urothelial cancer [9–12].