The fact that this interaction, that leads to autoimmunity, is different from the canonical one is also reflected in the irregular form of immunological synapse formed by autoimmune CD4+ T cell clones from patients with multiple sclerosis and T1D, compared to such clones specific for influenza virus peptides: there was no accumulation of pMHCII complexes in the central Supramolecular Activation Cluster of the synapse; nor for that matter, any transport of TCR-pMHCII complexes into this central cluster of the synapse51. Here, CD4 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.