Within the insulin peptide B5-23, the InsB11-23 epitope binds to DQ8 and is recognized by cognate CD4+ Th1 cells37,38 and the InsB5-15 epitope that binds in an identical register to the T1D-resistant heterodimer containing DQB1*06:02, as well as the neutral DQB1*06:0422. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.