VPS39 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In general, although different methods have been used, several of the data for cells from individuals with T2D were similar to our results for VPS39-silenced human myoblasts and Vps39+/− mice, suggesting a model whereby reduced VPS39 levels alter autophagy and epigenetic enzymes, thereby negatively affecting myogenesis and muscle function (Supplementary Fig. 3).