Based on the overall two-way ANOVA (*p < 0.05 for NGT vs. T2D), the average LAMP2 levels were higher throughout differentiation in individuals with T2D compared to controls (Fig. 6a), which agreed with observations in VPS39-silenced cells (Fig. 3a–c) and are generally in line with previous findings51. Here, VPS39 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.