NRF2-KO mice show lower NADPH/NADP+ ratios, and NADPH levels decrease upon knock-down of NRF2 in tumour cells [141] Thus, decreased NRF2 activity not only results in lower antioxidant capacity, but also affects fundamental metabolic pathways such as lipogenesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis and β-oxidation. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to neoplasm.